Prostatitis refers to inflammation of the prostate, a gland located below the bladder that is responsible for producing part of the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports spermatozoa.
There are multiple factors that can compromise male fertility. Among them are sperm production, semen quality, hormonal function, and the proper functioning of accessory glands, including the prostate. Many of these factors go unnoticed, and others are not even associated as possible causes of reduced reproductive capacity in men. However, doubts commonly arise in cases of prostatitis, as this condition can cause changes in semen quality and, in some cases, make achieving pregnancy more difficult.
The prostate plays a fundamental role in male fertility, as prostatic fluid contributes to the balance of seminal pH and to sperm protection. When this function is altered, semen quality may be affected.
Symptoms may vary depending on the type of prostatitis, but the most frequent include pelvic or perineal pain or discomfort, burning during urination, increased urinary frequency, pain during ejaculation, and a sensation of pressure or heaviness in the genital area.
In more acute cases of bacterial origin, fever and general malaise may also occur. For this reason, it is important to consult a specialist if any of these symptoms are detected.
From a clinical perspective, prostatitis is classified into four main categories:
When prostatitis is of bacterial origin, it is caused by infections, generally due to microorganisms ascending from the urethra. However, non-bacterial forms may be due to multiple factors and can be related to inflammatory processes, immunological alterations, or functional factors.

This will depend on the type and severity of the condition. In most cases, properly treated prostatitis does not lead to difficulty in having children. However, persistent inflammation may significantly affect the composition of seminal fluid and, consequently, male fertility.
Moreover, inflammation can also alter semen pH, increase the presence of leukocytes (leukocytospermia), and create an environment with higher oxidative stress, which negatively affects sperm motility and DNA integrity.
Regarding the possibility of causing irreversible sterility, this is rare. Nevertheless, if the infection becomes chronic and is not adequately treated, it may lead to alterations in semen quality that make fertilisation more difficult. In some cases, sustained inflammation may affect nearby structures such as the seminal vesicles or the epididymis, which could have a more significant impact on spermatogenesis or sperm transport capacity.

Assessing the potential impact of prostatitis on fertility is particularly important when there is an active attempt to conceive. The most widely used test is a complete semen analysis (seminogram) to evaluate sperm concentration, motility, and morphology.
More specific tests may also be performed, such as sperm DNA fragmentation analysis, semen culture to rule out persistent infections, or a urological and ultrasound evaluation.
In assisted reproduction, these parameters help determine whether the alteration is mild and natural conception can be attempted, or whether it is advisable to resort to techniques such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilisation (IVF), especially through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), which selects viable spermatozoa even when overall semen quality is very poor.
When fertility is affected, treating the underlying cause usually improves seminal parameters in the following months. The spermatogenic cycle lasts approximately 74 days, so improvements are not immediate.