A transvaginal ultrasound is an imaging test of the pelvis designed to provide detailed examination of the uterus, ovaries, cervix and vagina. During the procedure, a transducer is gently inserted into the vagina, providing clearer and more detailed images of the internal pelvic organs than an abdominal ultrasound.
Transvaginal ultrasound provides high-quality images, making it particularly effective for visualising the pelvic organs.
This test is used to obtain detailed images of the female reproductive organs and to assist in the diagnosis and management of various gynaecological conditions, including:
A specialised transducer, covered with a protective sheath and lubricated with gel, is gently inserted into the vagina. The transducer emits sound waves that create detailed images of the pelvic organs, including the uterus, ovaries and endometrium.
During the examination, the physician moves the transducer gently to obtain images from different angles and assess the pelvic structures. The procedure does not require a full bladder, unlike an abdominal ultrasound.
The examination typically lasts around 10–15 minutes, although the duration may vary depending on the purpose of the ultrasound and the patient's individual circumstances.

A transvaginal ultrasound is generally well tolerated. Some patients may experience mild discomfort or a feeling of pressure when the transducer is inserted and moved during the examination. The procedure is usually brief, and any discomfort typically subsides once the examination is complete.
Transvaginal ultrasound is a critical diagnostic tool in gynaecology, capable of identifying various conditions, such as ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, uterine malformations, pelvic tumours or masses, and endometrial abnormalities (e.g., thickening, polyps).
In assisted reproduction, this tool is essential for:
In most cases, no specific preparation is required for a transvaginal ultrasound. It is a safe, painless procedure with no side effects. After the exam, patients can resume their daily activities without any restrictions.