Assisted reproduction treatments for people living with HIV are carried out under strict medical protocols to ensure the safety of both the mother and the future baby. When the proper protocols are followed, the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby is extremely low. Access to these treatments in other countries is more restricted, making it difficult for people living with HIV to receive fertility treatments.
According to the latest data from the Ministry of Health, between 130,000 and 160,000 people live with HIV in Spain, and around 3,000 new cases are reported each year, almost 50% of which are diagnosed late. The virus, therefore, continues to exist in society and, although its prognosis allows people living with HIV to lead normal lives, it presents challenges when it comes to conception.
In Spain, people with HIV have access to assisted reproduction treatments, a key option for those who want to build a family without the risk of transmitting the virus to their partner or future child. “Despite medical and scientific advances that make these techniques safe, stigma and prejudice around HIV continue to be obstacles in many aspects of life, including parenthood,” says Dr. José Manuel Gómez Santana, Medical Director of IVF-Life Alicante and a specialist in reproductive medicine.
Dr. Gómez Santana explains that “assisted reproduction treatments for people with HIV are performed under strict medical protocols to ensure the safety of both the mother and the future child.” He adds that “assisted reproduction provides greater control and safety than natural conception in preventing HIV transmission to the future baby when one parent is HIV-positive.”
If the person with HIV is the woman, it is essential that she is on antiretroviral therapy and that her viral load is undetectable before attempting to conceive. This reduces the risk of transmission to the fetus to virtually zero.
For men living with HIV, the procedure involves sperm washing, a technique in which the virus is separated from the sperm before insemination or in vitro fertilization (IVF). “This method has shown excellent results and has allowed many couples with one HIV-positive partner to have biological children without risk of HIV transmission,” Dr. Gómez Santana notes.
Thanks to advances in antiretroviral treatments and assisted reproduction techniques, the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby is extremely low when proper protocols are followed. In fact, the current rate of perinatal HIV transmission (from mother to child) is less than 1% in women who are on treatment and have an undetectable viral load. Additionally, during pregnancy, extra measures are taken to protect the fetus, such as administering antiretrovirals and scheduling a cesarean section instead of vaginal delivery if the doctor deems it necessary to further reduce risk.
Access to these treatments in other countries is more restricted. For example, in China or Russia, national policies make fertility treatments for people living with HIV difficult to access, perpetuating stigma and limiting reproductive rights. Spain, along with other Western European countries, is at the forefront of equal access to these services.
Despite medical advances, HIV remains a disease surrounded by taboos, even though the virus can now often be controlled to the point of being undetectable and therefore untransmittable. Society continues to associate it with a highly contagious and deadly disease. This misconception creates challenges for people living with HIV who want to have children, as they often face discrimination and social judgment.
It is important to normalize the fact that people living with HIV can lead healthy lives, including the possibility of forming a family. Assisted reproduction treatments have proven to be a safe and effective solution for people living with the virus, allowing them to have children without fear of transmitting HIV to their offspring.