Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, in which the immune system attacks myelin — the protective layer surrounding the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. This damage can interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses and lead to a wide range of symptoms, including severe fatigue, muscle weakness, balance and coordination problems, visual disturbances, numbness or tingling in different parts of the body, difficulties with speech or clear thinking, and in some cases, mobility problems.
The condition most commonly develops between the ages of 20 and 40, which coincides with the reproductive years for many people. As a result, those living with MS often have concerns about how it may affect their reproductive health or whether it could prevent pregnancy altogether.
When undergoing fertility treatment, a number of factors must be taken into account, as they may affect not only the treatment itself, but also the health of the mother, the father, or the future baby. This is why it is so important to assess each case individually.
When a person has already been diagnosed with a pre-existing medical condition, it is very common to wonder whether it is compatible with pregnancy or even with fertility treatment itself. One such condition is multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and which, in most cases, does not prevent someone from starting a family. Here is what you need to know if you have the condition and are trying to conceive.
In general, multiple sclerosis does not directly reduce fertility in either women or men. However, certain factors associated with the condition may have an indirect impact. For example, physical limitations, reduced libido, psychological stress linked to the diagnosis, or side effects from certain medications may all play a role.
In men, some medications or the disease itself may affect sexual function or cause difficulties with erection or ejaculation, which can make natural conception more challenging.

If pregnancy does occur, multiple sclerosis does not usually increase the risk of serious obstetric complications or affect the baby’s development. In fact, many women experience fewer relapses during pregnancy — particularly in the second and third trimesters — due to the immunological changes that take place in the body.
People with multiple sclerosis can undergo assisted reproductive treatments such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) whenever necessary. However, treatment should be coordinated with neurology specialists responsible for monitoring the condition.
In general, women with multiple sclerosis are not at greater risk of miscarriage than women without the condition, nor is there an increased risk of congenital abnormalities linked to MS itself. It is therefore considered a condition that does not generally interfere with pregnancy.
This question cannot be answered in a general way, as it will always depend on the individual case and must therefore be assessed on a personalised basis. Some medications used to manage multiple sclerosis are compatible with pregnancy, while others should be stopped or changed before trying to conceive. In some cases, it may even be necessary to observe a “washout” period after discontinuing the medication before attempting conception.
For this reason, any reproductive planning should be managed jointly by neurology and fertility specialists in order to keep the condition under control without compromising the safety of the pregnancy.